Tool 03 · Tax & IRD

GST & provisional tax set-aside planner

To avoid tax-time shocks, set aside 3/23 of your GST-inclusive sales minus the GST on claimable expenses each period, plus your provisional tax spread across the year. This planner uses New Zealand's 15% GST rate and IRD's standard instalment dates to give you one weekly figure.

GST for one period

15% GST
GST filing frequency
Purchases from GST-registered suppliers that you can claim.

Provisional tax

Standard option
Tax on your last return after credits. Your accountant or myIR shows it.

Set aside

Estimate only
Put aside each week
$0
GST this period
$0
Provisional tax / yr
$0
GST per week
$0
Prov. tax per week
$0

Provisional tax instalments (31 March balance date)

    GST due the 28th of the month after each period (March periods: 7 May; November periods: 15 January). Standard option = last year's RIT plus 5%. Not tax advice — confirm with your accountant.

    Behind with IRD?

    How does the planner work it out?

    GST. New Zealand GST is 15%, so GST is 3/23 of any GST-inclusive amount. The planner takes 3/23 of your sales, subtracts 3/23 of your claimable expenses, and divides the result by the number of weeks in your filing period — about 4.3 for monthly, 8.7 for two-monthly and 26 for six-monthly.

    Provisional tax. Under the standard option, this year's provisional tax is generally last year's residual income tax (RIT) plus 5%. You're a provisional taxpayer if your RIT was more than $5,000. For a 31 March balance date, instalments are due on 28 August, 15 January and 7 May — or 28 October and 7 May if you file GST six-monthly. The planner spreads the annual amount over 52 weeks so the money is there when each instalment arrives.

    Why a weekly set-aside works

    GST and provisional tax are the two bills most likely to push a healthy small business into IRD debt. The money comes in with every sale, but the bill arrives weeks or months later — by which time it's often been spent on wages or stock. Moving a fixed amount into a separate tax account every week turns a lump you dread into a routine you barely notice.

    Worked example

    A Nelson café files GST two-monthly. In a typical period it takes $115,000 including GST and spends $57,500 including GST on claimable costs. Last year's RIT was $24,000.

    ItemCalculationAmount
    GST on sales$115,000 × 3/23$15,000
    GST on expenses$57,500 × 3/23$7,500
    GST to pay for the period$7,500
    Provisional tax (standard)$24,000 + 5%$25,200
    Each of three instalments$25,200 ÷ 3$8,400
    Weekly set-aside$7,500 ÷ 8.7 + $25,200 ÷ 52about $1,350

    What the planner doesn't cover

    • PAYE and employer deductions — these are usually paid twice a month or monthly and are best handled through payroll software.
    • Terminal tax — if this year's profit is higher than last year's, extra tax may be due after year-end (usually 7 February, or 7 April with a tax agent's extension).
    • Other provisional tax options — estimation, ratio and AIM work differently. Our provisional tax guide compares them.
    • Payments vs invoice basis — the timing of GST depends on your accounting basis. See GST filing periods and cash planning.

    If you're already behind

    If an instalment or GST return has already been missed, penalties and interest start building. You can ask Inland Revenue for an instalment arrangement, or clear the balance with a business loan — with a property-secured loan, IRD debt can be refinanced or paid out. Read dealing with IRD debt or see IRD tax debt funding. The planner runs in your browser; nothing is stored or sent.

    Frequently asked questions

    How do I work out the GST in a GST-inclusive amount?

    Multiply the GST-inclusive amount by 3 and divide by 23. At the 15% rate, 3/23 of the total is GST. For example, $11,500 including GST contains $1,500 of GST.

    When is GST due in New Zealand?

    GST returns and payments are generally due on the 28th of the month after your taxable period ends. Periods ending in March are due 7 May, and periods ending in November are due 15 January.

    Do I have to pay provisional tax?

    You'll generally pay provisional tax if your residual income tax for the previous year was more than $5,000. Below that, you pay your tax at the end of the year instead.

    How is standard-option provisional tax calculated?

    Under the standard option, provisional tax is usually last year's residual income tax plus 5%, or the year before's plus 10% if last year's return isn't filed yet. It's normally paid in three instalments, or two if you file GST six-monthly.

    What if my income has dropped this year?

    You might be better off with the estimation option, where you estimate this year's tax, or AIM, which calculates provisional tax from your accounting software as you go. Read provisional tax options explained and talk to your accountant.